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英语考点分析之【非谓语动词】

非谓语动词部分主要考查动词不定式及分词的用法。

1.动词不定式:动词不定式在句中不能单独作谓语,但可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。需要重点关注的有以下三点:

1 )某些动词后必须用动词不定式作宾语。常见的有:afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, choose, decide, determine, demand, deserve, fail, hesitate, hope, manage, mean, prepare, pretend, promise, relieve, report, want, wish。例如:They agreed to help us. / She deserves to win the first prize.

2 )许多表示要求、允许、命令等意思的动词可跟一个“宾语+to do”结构,构成复合宾语。此类动词及动词短语包括:advise, allow, ask, compel, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, like, mean, oblige, permit, persuade, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, long for, wait for。例如:1 didn’t ask you to pay for the meal. / We are waiting for the rain to stop.

3 )表示“认为”、“想”之类的动词之后经常由to be 构成复合宾语。此类动词有:believe, consider, feel, find, imagine, know, prove, think。例如:They found the answer to be quite satisfactory. 4 ) " too…to… ”结构。例如:My mother is getting too old to travel.

2 .分词

1 )分词在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,可以接宾语、状语、表语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。在时态上,通常现在分词表示进行,过去分词表示完成。例如:the developing countries(发展中国家), the developed countries(发达国家)。在语态上,现在分词通常表示主动,过去分词通常表示被动。例如:a moving film(一部感人的影片), a moved audience(一名受感动的观众)。

2 )分词作状语,说明谓语表示的动作所发生的时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随情况、行为方式等,或对谓语加以补充说明。特别需要注意的是,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。例如:Finding no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper. / She went down the steps into the kitchen, followed by her little daughter.

3 )独立主格结构是指分词作状语时,有些情况下可将与句子主语不一致的名词或代词放在前面,作为自己的动作主体。例如:Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.其中,分词permitting的主语是weather,而非句子的主语we。

典型题例分析

1. The new president is reported ____ the U.S. after he takes office in the capital.

A. To be visiting B. to have visited C. to visit D. visiting

(选C。 report后面须使用动词不定式,且根据句意可知动作尚未发生,故选C。)

2. When____to dinner at the restaurant, she seemed very happy and accepted the invitation.

A. invited B. to be invited C. inviting D. having invited

(选A 。过去分词Invited 表示被动,此句中省去了she was 。)

 

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